Selenium Training in Rajkot

Both are used to load URLs, but navigate().to() allows backward and forward navigation, offering more control during page transitions compared to get().

Yes, Selenium can perform data-driven testing by integrating with Excel, CSV, or databases and using frameworks like TestNG or JUnit for parameterization.

Selenium can handle insecure certificates by setting browser capabilities like acceptInsecureCerts to true, especially useful for testing in dev environments.

findElement returns the first matching element, while findElements returns a list of all matching elements. The former throws an exception if no match is found.

Yes, Selenium supports cross-browser testing by configuring WebDriver instances for browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge.

A WebElement represents an HTML element on a webpage. It allows performing actions like click, send keys, and get text on specific elements.

You can use getText() to fetch the element's text and use assertion methods from JUnit or TestNG to verify it matches the expected value.

Use driver.close() to close the current tab and driver.quit() to close the entire browser session along with all opened windows.

Selenium uses waits like implicit, explicit, and fluent waits to handle timing issues caused by delays in element loading or JavaScript execution.

Headless browser testing runs browsers in the background without a UI. It's useful for faster test execution in CI/CD pipelines. Selenium supports headless modes in Chrome and Firefox using specific options in the browser driver.

Responsive design can be tested by resizing the browser window using driver.manage().window().setSize() or integrating with tools like BrowserStack or Selenium Grid to simulate different screen sizes and devices.

Use the isDisplayed() method to verify an element’s visibility. This helps ensure that the element is not hidden or off-screen, which is crucial before interacting with it in a test.

WebDriverManager automates the download and setup of browser drivers. It eliminates manual configuration, ensures compatibility with the browser version, and simplifies cross-browser test setup, improving automation efficiency.

You can use Java’s logging framework (java.util.logging), Apache Log4j, or integrate with TestNG’s reporting features. Logs help track script execution, detect failures, and improve debugging.

The Actions class handles complex user gestures like double click, right-click (context click), drag-and-drop, and keyboard interactions. It enhances Selenium’s capability to simulate real-world user actions.

Use the Select class and call methods like selectByIndex(), selectByVisibleText(), or selectByValue() multiple times. Verify whether the dropdown allows multiple selections using isMultiple() method.

Set browser capabilities to accept insecure certificates. For example, in Chrome, use ChromeOptions with setAcceptInsecureCerts(true) to bypass certificate-related warnings during testing in non-production environments.

Use the Page Object Model, proper waits, meaningful assertions, and modular code. Always handle exceptions, write reusable methods, and integrate with CI tools for robust, scalable, and maintainable test automation.