Selenium Training in Gandhinagar

Hard assertions stop test execution on failure, while soft assertions log the failure and allow the test to continue. Soft assertions are useful in batch validations.

Selenium can be integrated with test management tools like TestNG, JUnit, Jenkins, Cucumber, and Allure for managing test execution, reporting, and CI/CD.

Yes, Selenium works well with BDD tools like Cucumber and SpecFlow. It allows writing test cases in Gherkin language for better collaboration between teams.

Listeners in frameworks like TestNG track test execution events such as start, success, and failure. They help generate customized logs or reports.

Selenium uses the Actions class to simulate drag-and-drop operations. The method dragAndDrop(source, target) replicates the user’s behavior effectively.

Yes, Selenium supports headless browser testing using options like Headless Chrome or PhantomJS, which is useful for faster execution in CI environments.

Cross-browser testing checks application behavior across different browsers. Selenium achieves this by initializing respective WebDriver instances for each browser.

You can extract all hyperlinks from the page and send HTTP requests using Java or Python libraries to verify if the links return 200 OK or any error code.

Selenium provides methods like addCookie(), deleteCookieNamed(), and getCookies() to manage browser cookies, useful for session validation or testing login states.

SoftAssert allows test execution to continue even after assertion failures. You must call assertAll() at the end to collect all failures. It helps validate multiple checkpoints in a single test.

Absolute XPath starts from the root node and is brittle. Relative XPath is more flexible and starts from any node, making it preferable in dynamic applications for stable element location.

Selenium only supports web application testing, cannot handle CAPTCHAs or barcode scanning, and lacks built-in reporting. Also, it cannot test mobile or desktop apps directly without external tools.

This exception occurs when an element is no longer attached to the DOM. Refresh the element reference by locating it again before interacting, especially after page reloads or DOM updates.

WebDriverWait is used to apply explicit waits for conditions like element visibility or clickability. It improves test reliability by pausing execution until the expected condition is met.

Selenium alone cannot handle download dialogs. Instead, configure browser preferences to download files automatically or use tools like Robot class or AutoIT for interacting with OS-level dialogs.

Challenges include handling dynamic elements, browser compatibility, synchronization issues, and test flakiness. Also, managing test data and setting up scalable infrastructure can be complex.

Use the enabled = false attribute in the @Test annotation or throw new SkipException() during execution. Skipping is useful for conditionally executing tests or during maintenance.

Use TestNG's testng-failed.xml file generated after a test run. This file contains all failed tests and can be rerun to focus on fixing or analyzing specific failures efficiently.