Selenium Course

The Selenium suite includes Selenium IDE, Selenium WebDriver, Selenium Grid, and Selenium RC (deprecated). Each serves different testing needs from record-and-playback to distributed automation.

Selenium WebDriver is a core component that directly communicates with web browsers. It allows testers to write automation scripts for real user interactions like clicking, typing, and navigation.

Selenium itself doesn't support mobile app testing. However, tools like Appium extend Selenium functionality to test Android and iOS apps using similar WebDriver APIs.

Selenium supports Java, Python, C#, Ruby, JavaScript, and Kotlin. This allows testers to choose a language they are comfortable with for writing automation scripts.

No, Selenium is specifically designed for testing web applications. For desktop app testing, tools like WinAppDriver or AutoIt are recommended.

Selenium Grid allows parallel test execution across different browsers and machines. It speeds up testing by distributing test cases and ensures broader compatibility checks.

Locators help Selenium identify elements on a web page. Common locator strategies include ID, Name, Class Name, XPath, CSS Selector, Tag Name, and Link Text.

Yes, Selenium can manage dynamic elements using XPath functions, CSS selectors, or custom wait strategies like explicit and fluent waits to ensure stability.

XPath is a language used to locate elements based on their XML path. In Selenium, XPath can locate elements precisely, even when they lack unique identifiers.

The Selenium Suite includes Selenium IDE (record and playback tool), Selenium WebDriver (for programming-based automation), Selenium Grid (for distributed execution), and Selenium RC (now deprecated). WebDriver is the most widely used due to its powerful features and browser control capabilities.

Selenium WebDriver uses browser-specific drivers that act as a bridge between the test script and the actual browser. These drivers convert test commands into browser-native commands, allowing WebDriver to control browser actions directly without relying on a server.

Selenium WebDriver interacts with the browser directly using native OS calls, while Selenium RC relies on a server to inject JavaScript for browser automation. WebDriver is faster, supports more modern features, and is currently maintained, unlike Selenium RC.

Dynamic elements can be handled using strategies like XPath with contains or starts-with functions, CSS selectors with partial matches, or using waits to ensure elements are present. These techniques ensure reliability when dealing with elements that change frequently.

Waits are essential for synchronizing test execution with web page behavior. Selenium provides implicit, explicit, and fluent waits to pause execution until certain conditions are met, reducing flakiness in tests due to loading delays or asynchronous events.

Cross-browser testing involves running tests on different browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. Selenium WebDriver supports browser-specific drivers, and tools like TestNG allow parallel execution across browsers to validate consistent application behavior.

A locator is a way to identify elements on a web page. Selenium provides several locators: ID, Name, Class Name, Tag Name, Link Text, Partial Link Text, XPath, and CSS Selector. Choosing the most stable and unique locator ensures test stability.

Assert immediately stops test execution if the condition fails, ensuring critical validations don’t proceed further. Verify logs the failure but continues test execution, making it suitable for non-critical checks within the same script.

POM is a design pattern that enhances test maintenance by separating test logic from page elements. Each web page is represented by a class with element locators and methods. It improves code reusability and readability across test cases.